• • • • • • • • Web Server and Client Web Server is a software that can process the client request and send the response back to the client. For example, Apache is one of the most widely used web server. Web Server runs on some physical machine and listens to client request on specific port. A web client is a software that helps in communicating with the server.

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Some of the most widely used web clients are Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari etc. When we request something from server (through URL), web client takes care of creating a request and sending it to server and then parsing the server response and present it to the user. HTML and HTTP Web Server and Web Client are two separate softwares, so there should be some common language for communication.

HTML is the common language between server and client and stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. Web server and client needs a common communication protocol, HTTP ( Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) is the communication protocol between server and client. HTTP runs on top of TCP/IP communication protocol.

Some of the important parts of HTTP Request are: • HTTP Method – action to be performed, usually GET, POST, PUT etc. • URL – Page to access • Form Parameters – similar to arguments in a java method, for example user,password details from login page. Sample HTTP Request: GET /FirstServletProject/jsps/hello.jsp HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost:8080 Cache-Control: no-cache Some of the important parts of HTTP Response are: • Status Code – an integer to indicate whether the request was success or not. Some of the well known status codes are 200 for success, 404 for Not Found and 403 for Access Forbidden. • Content Type – text, html, image, pdf etc.

Also known as MIME type • Content – actual data that is rendered by client and shown to user. Sample HTTP Response: 200 OK Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2013 19:55:50 GMT Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1 Content-Length: 309 Content-Type: text/html;charset=US-ASCII

Date=Wed Aug 07 12:57:55 PDT 2013 MIME Type or Content Type: If you see above sample HTTP response header, it contains tag “Content-Type”. It’s also called MIME type and server sends it to client to let them know the kind of data it’s sending. It helps client in rendering the data for user. Some of the mostly used mime types are text/html, text/xml, application/xml etc. Understanding URL URL is acronym of Universal Resource Locator and it’s used to locate the server and resource.

Every resource on the web has it’s own unique address. Let’s see parts of URL with an example.

– This is the first part of URL and provides the communication protocol to be used in server-client communication. Localhost – The unique address of the server, most of the times it’s the hostname of the server that maps to unique IP address. Dell Studio Backlight Keyboard Driver. Sometimes multiple hostnames point to same IP addresses and takes care of sending request to the particular server instance.

8080 – This is the port on which server is listening, it’s optional and if we don’t provide it in URL then request goes to the default port of the protocol. Port numbers 0 to 1023 are reserved ports for well known services, for example 80 for HTTP, 443 for HTTPS, 21 for FTP etc. FirstServletProject/jsps/hello.jsp – Resource requested from server. Download Ver Offline Installer more. It can be static html, pdf, JSP, servlets, PHP etc. Why we need Servlet and JSPs?